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Specificity
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The cells were grown in EMEM supplemented with 10% FBS (Fetal Bovine Serum). Cells were washed in PBS and incubated on ice in modified RIPA buffer containing 150 mM sodium chloride, 50 mM Tris Cl, pH 7.4, 1 mM EDTA, 1.0% NP-40, 0.5% sodium deoxycholic acid and 0.1% SDS to lyse the cells. Protein integrity is ensured using a cocktail of protease inhibitors with broad specificity for the inhibition of aspartic, cysteine, and serine proteases as well as aminopeptidases (0.1 mM AEBSF HCl, 0.08 µM Aprotinin, 5 µM Bestatin, 1.5 µM E-64, 2 µM Leupeptin Hemisulfate and 1 µM Pepstatin A). Phosphatase inhibitors sodium fluoride, sodium orthovanadate, sodium pyrophosphate and -glycerophosphate were also added. Cell debris was removed by centrifugation. Protein concentration was determined by Lowry assay using a commercially available kit. The protein concentration was adjusted to 2 mg/ml and then an equal volume of 2X SDS-PAGE sample buffer was added.
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