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Background
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Interleukin-1 alpha (IL1a) is also known as IL-1A, IL1, IL1-ALPHA,IL1F1,and is a cytokine of the interleukin-1 family. IL1a possesses a wide spectrum of metabolic, physiological, haematopoietic activities, and plays one of the central roles in the regulation of the immune responses. It binds to the interleukin-1 receptor. IL-1α is constitutively produced by epithelial cells. It is found in substantial amounts in normal human epidermis and is distributed in a 1:1 ratio between living epidermal cells and stratum corneum.The constitutive production of large amounts of IL-1α precursor by healthy epidermal keratinocytes interfere with the important role of IL-1α in immune responses, assuming skin as a barrier, which prevents the entry of pathogenic microorganisms into the body. In vitro, IL-1α possesses biological effect on cells in the picomolar to femtomolar range. In vivo, Shortly after an onset of an infection into organism, IL-1α activates a set of immune system response processes.
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