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Background
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The transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP) is a critical component of the antigen presentation pathway. Assembly of peptides with newly synthesized class I molecules is assisted by many proteins. These include calreticulin, ERp57 and tapasin. These components together with TAP and the MHC class I subunits, constitute a large complex called the "MHC class I peptide-loading complex". Upon binding to peptides, class I molecules are released from the assembly complex and transit to the cell surface for immune surveillance by T cells. Two structurally related subunits of the TAP transporter, TAP1 and TAP2, form a complex on the ER membrane that is necessary and sufficient for peptide translocation from the cytosol into the ER. TAP1-mediated ATP hydrolysis is not essential for peptide translocation but that TAP2-mediated ATP hydrolysis is critical, not only for translocation, but for peptide binding.Synonyms: ATP-binding cassette sub-family B member 2, Antigen peptide transporter 1, PSF1, Peptide supply factor 1, Peptide transporter PSF1, Peptide transporter involved in antigen processing 1, RING4, Y3
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