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Background
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Low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (also known as low density LRP, LRP1, alpha-2-macroglobulin receptor or Apolipoprotein E receptor) is an endocytotic receptor that is involved both in endocytosis and in phagocytosis of apoptotic cells. It is required for early embryonic development, is involved in cellular lipid homeostasis, and may play a role in APP metabolism, kinase-dependent intracellular signalling, neuronal calcium signalling and neurotransmission. Low density LRP also plays a role in the plasma clearance of chylomicron remnants and activated LRPAP1 (alpha-2-macroglobulin), and is involved in the local metabolism of complexes of plasminogen activators and their endogenous ligands. Low density LPR is postulated to be one of the major players in host resistance to HIV. The precursor low density LRP molecule is cleaved post-translationally to form a 85 kDa membrane-spanning subunit (LRP-85) and a 515 kDa large extracellular domain (LRP-515), which remains non-covalently associated with LRP-85. Following cleavage, the intracellular domain (LPRICD) is present in both the cytoplasm and the nucleus.Synonyms: A2MR, APOER, APR, Alpha-2-macroglobulin receptor, Apolipoprotein E receptor, Prolow-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1
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