|
Background
|
Relevance: Cytokine that binds to TNFRSF1A/TNFR1 and TNFRSF1B/TNFBR. It is mainly secreted by macrophages and can induce cell death of certain tumor cell lines. It is potent pyrogen causing fever by direct action or by stimulation of interleukin-1 secretion and is implicated in the induction of cachexia, Under certain conditions it can stimulate cell proliferation and induce cell differentiation. Impairs regulatory T-cells (Treg) function in individuals with rheumatoid arthritis via FOXP3 dephosphorylation. Upregulates the expression of protein phosphatase 1 (PP1), which dephosphorylates the key 'Ser-418' residue of FOXP3, thereby inactivating FOXP3 and rendering Treg cells functionally defective (PubMed:23396208). Key mediator of cell death in the anticancer action of BCG-stimulated neutrophils in combination with DIABLO/SMAC mimetic in the RT4v6 bladder cancer cell line (PubMed:22517918). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:16829952, ECO:0000269|PubMed:22517918, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23396208}., The TNF intracellular domain (ICD) form induces IL12 production in dendritic cells. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:16829952}. Synonyms: Cachectin, Tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 2, TNF-a, , NTF
|
|
Pathways
|
NF-kappaB Signaling, Apoptosis, Caspase Cascade in Apoptosis, Cellular Response to Molecule of Bacterial Origin, Regulation of Leukocyte Mediated Immunity, Positive Regulation of Immune Effector Process, Production of Molecular Mediator of Immune Response, Positive Regulation of Endopeptidase Activity, Hepatitis C, Protein targeting to Nucleus
|