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Characteristics
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A highly potent and selective inhibitor of vacuolar H+-ATPases (V-ATPases) in vitro. It is effective in nanomolar concentrations in animal cells, plant cells and microorganisms, also selective over other ATP hydrolyzing enzymes such as F-ATPases, Ca2+-ATPases, Na+/K+-ATPases and plasma membrane H+-ATPases. Also prevents autophagy at a late stage by inhibiting fusion between autophagosomes and lysosomes.
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