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Purpose
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This antibody is designed for the specific localization of human kappa light chain using IHC techniques in formalin- fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections. This antibody is useful for typing of FLC molecules or antibodies coupled by immunohistochemical techniques. Useful for detecting monoclonality in B cell lymphoproliferative disorders, which provides significant support diagnosis of lymphoma versus lymphoid hyperplasia or other reactive lymphadenitis, as well as in plasma cell leukemias, plasma cell dysplasias, myelomas or plasmacytomas
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Immunogen
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Human lymphocytes stimulated.
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Clone
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Kap-56
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Isotype
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IgG1 kappa
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Characteristics
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Kappa detects surface immunoglobulin on normal and neoplastic B-cells. In paraffin-embedded tissue, Kappa exhibits strong staining of kappa-positive plasma cells and cells that have absorbed exogenous immunoglobulin. When studying B-cell neoplasms, the determination of light-chain ratios remains the centerpiece. This is sound reasoning because most B-cell Lymphomas express either kappa or lambda light chains, whereas reactive proliferations display a mixture of kappa and lambda-positive cells. If only a single light-chain type is detected, a lympho-proliferative disorder is very likely. Monoclonality is determined by a kappa-lambda ratio greater than or equal to 3:1, a lambda-kappa ratio greater than or equal to 2:1, or a monoclonal population of 75 % or more of the total population. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is a complex technique in which immunological and histological detection methods are combined. In general, the manipulation and processing of tissues before immunostaining, especially different types of tissue fixation and embedding, as well as the nature of the tissues themselves may cause inconsistent results (Nadji and Morales, 1983). Endogenous pseudoperoxidase and peroxidase activity or endogenous biotin and alkaline phosphatase activity can cause non-specific staining results depending on the detection system used. Tissues that contain Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) can produce false positives when using HRP detection systems (Omata et al, 1980). Insufficient contrast staining and/or improper mounting of the sample may influence the interpretation of results.
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Purification
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Concentrated, obtained from culture supernatant
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Material not included
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All reagents, materials, and laboratory equipment for IHC procedures are not provided with this antibody. This includes adhesive slides and cover slips, positive and negative control tissues, Xylene or adequate substitute, ethanol, distilled H2O, heat pretreatment equipment (pressure cooker, steamer, microwave), pipettes, Coplin jars, glass jars, moist chamber, histological baths, negative control reagents, counter-staining solution, mounting materials, and microscope. Anti-Kappa Light Chain (
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